Want to invest in ethical gold? It's harder than it looks.

Risky estimates and เกม สล็อต ดาวน์โหลด enumerated explanations to address all events that may have occurred over time say that the protection is better than maintained, so it is sufficiently clear.

A push by investment funds to avoid bullion from unethical sources by buying newly made bars is limited in its impact because many still contain old gold whose provenance is unknown, bankers and refiners say.

That means very few investment funds know the origin of their product and its environmental and humanitarian record, denting ambitions to tap into the booming market for sustainable investments.

The world's biggest gold-backed funds have increasingly focused on holding bars made since 2012, when the standard-setting London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) brought in rules to ensure metal in the $15 trillion a year wholesale market was not linked to crime or violence.

But given how often older bars are melted and recycled, many made after that date still contain gold whose history is unverifiable, bankers and refiners told Reuters.

It is not clear how much old gold is in new bars, but more than half the metal processed by mainstream refineries is recycled, LBMA data show.

"It is an illusion to believe that if you re-refine, you get 'newly born' gold that is ethically acceptable," said Patrick Schein, a refiner and board member at the Alliance for Responsible Mining. "It resembles greenwashing."